U ovom preglednom radu istražuju se rani kulturni i književni temelji islamofobije u evropskoj tradiciji, s posebnim fokusom na Danteovo remek-djelo Božanstvena komedija. Analiziran je prikaz Poslanika Muhammeda, a.s., i Alije, r.a., u osmom krugu pakla, pri čemu se razmatraju istorijski, teološki i književni konteksti koji su oblikovali ovaj negativni narativ. Posebna pažnja posvećena je utjecaju srednjovjekovne kršćanske misli, osobito djelima Ivana Damašćanskog, kao i mogućoj povezanosti Danteovog djela s islamskom eshatološkom literaturom, prije svega s Kitāb al-Miʿrāğ. Rad razmatra složen odnos između stvarnog znanja o islamu i kulturnih stereotipa koji su se oblikovali u evropskoj imaginaciji toga doba. Cilj rada je ukazati na načine kako je islam prikazivan u kanonskoj evropskoj književnosti te analizirati dubinske uzroke i posljedice tih prikaza u širem okviru kulturne historije Evrope.

This research examines the educational contributions of Muhamed Seid Serdarević within the framework of maktab morality. The goal was to analyze Serdarević’s educational work using available sources, with particular emphasis on his two published books: “Ta'limu tedžvid” and “Mektepski red”. The method of theoretical analysis was employed in this study.

The findings demonstrate that Serdarević placed special emphasis on the maktab, its pedagogy, and the behaviour of its students. One of his key contributions to the development of maktab education was the composition of the textbooks “Ta'limu tedžvid” and “Mektepski red”, which outline the code of conduct, principles, and behavioral expectations for maktab students during their time in school. Serdarević also showed an interest in pedagogy by popularizing and modernizing maktab morality, aligning it with contemporary European pedagogical theory and practice.

The research concludes that Muhammed Seid Serdarević made an invaluable contribution to the reform and development of maktab education, particularly through the publication of the textbooks “Ta'limu tedžvid” and “Mektepski red”.