As a basic element of grammatical predicate category, the
nominal sentence predicate in literary arabic language is specified by
important structural, morphological and syntactict features. These
faetures result from traditional rules deep rooted in arabic syntax,
according to them the arabic grammarians in their general sentence
classification into nominal and verbal one, do not consider lexical
meaning of predicate that defines the declarative caracter of sentence. In
this view, the formal-syntactic parameters are the basic modifiers and
according to them, the sort of word that stands in the beginning of
sentence is followed and analyzed and, depending of its lexical nature,
the sentence is named as a nominal or verbal.
The parameters of sentence classification like these provide
structural and morpfological differencies to the predicate of nominal
sentence, so it appears in the form on an individual underived or verbal
derived nouns, nominal or verbal sentence and in the form of proposal or
adverbial syntagm. Each of these predicate appearing models has it own
features that are important for correct interpretation and understanding of
nominal sentence.
The syntactic position of nominal sentence predicate is
conditioned by some defined syntactic-formal limitation of subject or
predicate and in relation to its subject, the position of predicate can be
obliged normal or obliged inverse.
The elision of nominal sentence predicate can be allowed and
obliged, and it is caused by contextual-formal surrounding. According to
attitudes of arabic grammarians, the use of conjuction between two or
more predicates is not arbitrary but depends on sort of their semantic
relations and can be allowed, prohibited or obliged. By some special
contextual surruondings, the use of conjuction "fa" in front of predicate
of nominal sentence is allowed and it is understood as a formal indicator
of predicate position or as a kind of corroboration of subjectiv –
predicate relation.
Keywords: predicate category, syntax, predicate, nominal sentence, formal-syntactic parameters, structural-morphological differentiation, nominal word, syntactic position, elision, semantic
relations.
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